Indeterminacy

Budescu, D. V. (1983). The estimation of factor indeterminacy. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 43, 971-976.

Camp, B. H. (1932). The converse of Spearman's two-factor theorem. Biometrika, 24, 418-427.

Green, B. F. (1976). On the factor score controversy. Psychometrika, 41, 263-266.

Guttman, L. (1955). The determinacy of factor score matrices with applications for five other problems of common factor theory. British Journal of Statistical Psychology, 8, 65-82.

Guttman, L. (1956). "Best possible" systematic estimates of communalities. Psychometrika, 21, 273-285.

Heermann, E. F. (1964). The geometry of factorial indeterminacy. Psychometrika, 29, 371-382.

Heermann, E. F. (1966). The algebra of factorial indeterminacy. Psychometrika, 31, 539-543.

Irwin, J. O. (1932). On the uniqueness of the factor g for general intelligence. British Journal of Psychology, 22, 359-363.

Irwin, J. O. (1935). On the indeterminacy in the estimate of gBritish Journal of Psychology, 25, 393-394.

Krijnen, W. P., Dijkstra, T. K., & Gill, R. D. (1998). Conditions for factor (in)determinacy in factor analysis.Psychometrika, 63, 359-367.

Lovie, P., & Lovie, A. D. (1995). The cold equations: Spearman and Wilson on factor indeterminacy. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 48, 237-253.

McDonald, R. P. (1974). The measurement of factor indeterminacy. Psychometrika, 39, 203-222.

McDonald, R. P. (1977). The indeterminacy of components and the definition of common factors. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 30, 165-176.

McDonald, R. P., & Mulaik, S. A. (1979). Determinacy of common factors: A nontechnical review. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 297-306.

Meyer, E. P. (1973). On the relationship between ratio to number of variables to number of factors and factorial indeterminacy. Psychometrika, 38, 375-378.

Mulaik, S. A. (1972). The foundations of factor analysis. New York: McGraw-Hill (pp. 327-336).

Mulaik, S. A. (1976). Comments on "The measurement of factorial indeterminacy". Psychometrika, 41, 249-262.

Mulaik, S. A., & McDonald, R. P. (1978). The effect of additional variables on factor indeterminacy in models with a single common factor. Psychometrika, 43, 177-192.

Piaggio, H. T. H. (1931). The general factor in Spearman's theory of intelligence. Nature, 127, 56-67.

Piaggio, H. T. H. (1933). Three sets of conditions necessary for the existence of a g that is real and unique except in sign.British Journal of Psychology, 24, 88-105.

Piaggio, H. T. H. (1935). Approximate general and specific factors without indeterminate parts. British Journal of Psychology, 25, 485-489.

Piaggio, H. T. H., & Dallas, A. E. M. N. (1934). An analysis of recent tests of the two-factor theory. British Journal of Psychology, 25, 217-220.

Schönemann, P. H. (1971). The minimum average correlation between equivalent sets of uncorrelated factors.Psychometrika, 36, 21-30.

Schönemann, P. H., & Steiger, J. H. (1978). On the validity of indeterminate factor scores. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 12, 287-290.

Schönemann, P. H., & Wang, M. M. (1972). Some new results on factor indeterminacy. Psychometrika, 37, 61-91.

Steiger, J. H. (1979). The relationship between external variables and common factors. Psychometrika, 44, 93-97.

Steiger, J. H. (1979). Factor indeterminacy in the 1930s and 1970s: Some interesting parallels. Psychometrika, 44, 157-167.

Steiger, J. H., & Schönemann, P. H. (1978). A history of factor indeterminacy. In S. Shye (Ed.), Theory construction and data analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Spearman, C. (1933 or 1929). The uniqueness of 'g'. Journal of Educational psychology, 24, 106-108.

Spearman, C. (1934). The factor theory and its troubles. IV. Uniqueness of gJournal of Educational Psychology, 25, 142-153.

Thomson, G. H. (1934). The meaning of "i" in the estimate of "g". British Journal of Psychology, 25, 92-99.

Thomson, G. H. (1935). The definition and measurement of "g" (general intelligence). Journal of Educational Psychology, 26, 241-262.

Thomson, G. H. (1936). Some points of mathematical technique in the factorial analysis of ability. Journal of Educational psychology, 27, 37-54.

Williams, J. S. (1978). A definition for the common factor model and the elimination of problems of factor score indeterminacy. Psychometrika, 43, 293-306.

Wilson, E. B. (1928a) Review of 'The abilities of man, their nature and measurement' by C. Spearman. Science, 67, 244-248.

Wilson, E. B. (1928b). On hierarchical correlation systems. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 14, 283-291.

Wilson, E. B. (1929a). Review of 'Crossroads in the mind of man: A study of differentiable mental abilities' by T. L. Kelley. Journal of General Psychology, 2, 153-169.

Wilson, E. B. (1929b). Comments on Professor Spearman's note. Journal of Educational Psychology, 20, 217-223.

Wilson, E. B., & Worcester, J. (1939). A note on factor analysis. Psychometrika, 4, 133-148.